UBO (Ultimate Beneficial Owner)
Ayrıca şöyle anılır Ultimate Beneficial Owner, beneficial owner, beneficial ownership, Gerçek Faydalanıcı
The Ultimate Beneficial Owner of a company is the natural person, or persons, who actually own or control it, directly, or indirectly through a chain of intermediary companies, trusts, or other arrangements, even when no single document names them. A company is, legally, a fiction: it can be owned by another company, which is owned by a trust, which is controlled by a foundation, and so on through as many layers as someone cares to build. UBO analysis exists to pierce that structure and answer one question, "which real human being ultimately benefits from or controls this entity", because shell companies and layered ownership are the standard tool for hiding exactly that answer, whether the goal is tax evasion, sanctions evasion, or laundering the proceeds of crime.
Regulation typically defines a UBO two ways, used together. The primary test is an ownership or voting-rights threshold, most regulation sets it around 25%, meaning anyone who directly or indirectly holds more than that share of a company is presumptively a beneficial owner. The fallback is a control test: where no natural person crosses the ownership threshold (ownership is split among many small shareholders, say), the person or persons who otherwise exercise control, often a senior managing official, are treated as the beneficial owner of last resort, so the analysis never comes back empty.
Who actually built this
FATF Recommendations 24 and 25 are the reference text requiring beneficial-ownership transparency on companies and legal arrangements. The EU's Anti-Money Laundering Directives require every member state to maintain a central beneficial-ownership register; the US Corporate Transparency Act built the equivalent federal registry domestically. Türkiye requires the same disclosure through its Revenue Administration's Gerçek Faydalanıcı Bildirim Formu, introduced in 2021. None of it is Solidus's design.
Solidus today
Solidus has not built UBO resolution. Solidus Verify's pipeline is scoped to natural-person identity verification, document capture, liveness, and face matching for an individual, with no company-registry lookup and no ability to trace ownership through a corporate structure. This tracks the same deliberate sequencing already named under KYB: entity-level verification is a later, unstarted phase.
See also
KYB is the broader entity-verification job UBO resolution sits inside. PEP (a beneficial owner who is also a Politically Exposed Person) is exactly the layered risk EDD exists to catch. CDD and EDD are the diligence tiers UBO resolution belongs to. AML is the umbrella program this all sits inside.
Nereden geliyor
Bunu başkası belirtti. Solidus bir araya getiriyor.
FATF Recommendations 24 and 25 require countries to ensure beneficial-ownership information on legal persons and legal arrangements is available to competent authorities. The EU's Anti-Money Laundering Directive series requires member states to maintain central beneficial-ownership registers; the US Corporate Transparency Act does the domestic equivalent. Türkiye's Revenue Administration (Gelir İdaresi Başkanlığı) introduced its own beneficial-ownership disclosure requirement in 2021 (the Gerçek Faydalanıcı Bildirim Formu). None of this is a Solidus design, and Solidus performs no beneficial-ownership resolution.
Bunu nasıl doğrularsınız
Solidus bunu inşa etmedi. Girdi kavramı açıklıyor.
None. This entry states what has not been built, not what has.